An optical lever is a convenient device to magnify a small displacement and thus to make possible an accurate measurement of the displacement. Experiment M-11, Young's modulus, uses an optical lever to magnify the extension of a wire produced by a series of different loads.
The plate P carries a mirror M. The mirror mount has two points resting
in a fixed groove, F, and at the other end has a single point resting on the
object whose displacement one is measuring. Raising the object through a
distance will tilt the mirror through an angle
or
radians
(approximately) but will turn the light beam through an angle
.
Hence
Note that with the telescope nearly perpendicular to the scale at the
beginning then y0 is close to the telescope, and the difference between
two elongations () is very accurately given by
where yi is the scale reading. This relation holds so
long as is small enough that
.