When the nut is being pulled to the right (dial being turned toward larger numbers), the screw threads will press against the threads in the nut as shown in Fig. 1, with the screw threads in contact with the back side of the threads on the nut. When the direction of turning reverses, the screw threads then push on the front side of the nut threads. |
Figure 1: Blacklash in screw mechanism.
|
One way to avoid trouble with this slack is always to make settings after
turning the screw more than the slack in one direction, say the direction
of increasing readings. If one overshoots on a reading, go back by
more than the slack and then turn forward again. The screw will then always
press on the same side of the nut and no error arises.
A much better experimental technique is to take readings both ways.
Suppose one wants to measure the distance between two lines, 1 and 2. Call
the reading turned toward larger readings on line 1, and when
turning in the reverse direction,
; similarly for
and
. Then the distance between the lines will be
and
also
so that one has immediately two independent readings to
compare. More important,
is the slack in the mechanism; it
should equal
and should be the same for all pairs of
readings. If
changes by more than the experimental error in
setting, you know immediately you have made a blunder in either setting or
reading and can immediately repeat the measurement. The constancy of D - R
is actually an excellent measure of the uncertainty in the measurements you
are taking.